LED, wanda kuma aka sani da tushen haske na ƙarni na huɗu ko tushen hasken kore, yana da halaye na ceton makamashi, kariyar muhalli, tsawon rayuwa, da ƙaramin girma. Ana amfani da shi sosai a fannoni daban-daban kamar nuni, nuni, ado, hasken baya, hasken gabaɗaya, da al'amuran dare na birni. Dangane da ayyukan amfani daban-daban, ana iya raba shi zuwa rukuni biyar: nunin bayanai, fitilun sigina, na'urorin hasken mota, hasken baya na LCD, da hasken gabaɗaya.
Fitilar LED na al'ada suna da gazawa kamar rashin isasshen haske, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin shahara. Nau'in wutar lantarki LED fitilu suna da fa'ida kamar babban haske da tsawon rayuwar sabis, amma suna da matsalolin fasaha kamar marufi. A ƙasa akwai taƙaitaccen bincike na abubuwan da ke shafar ingancin girbin haske na marufi na nau'in wutar lantarki.

1. Fasahar watsar zafi
Don diodes masu fitar da haske waɗanda suka ƙunshi mahaɗar PN, lokacin da halin yanzu ke gudana ta hanyar haɗin PN, haɗin PN yana fuskantar asarar zafi. Wannan zafi yana haskakawa a cikin iska ta hanyar mannewa, kayan rufewa, kayan zafi, da dai sauransu A yayin wannan tsari, kowane bangare na kayan yana da tasirin zafi wanda ke hana zafin zafi, wanda aka sani da juriya na thermal. Juriya na thermal ƙayyadaddun ƙima ne da aka ƙaddara ta girman, tsari, da kayan na'urar.
Yin la'akari da juriya na thermal na diode mai fitar da haske shine Rth (℃ / W) kuma ƙarfin watsar zafi shine PD (W), haɓakar zafin jiki na haɗin PN wanda ya haifar da asarar zafi na yanzu shine:
T (℃)=Rth&TIME; PD
Yanayin mahaɗin PN shine:
TJ=TA+Rth&TIME; PD
Daga cikin su, TA shine yanayin zafi. Saboda karuwar zafin haɗin gwiwa, yuwuwar sake haɗawar haɗin luminescence PN yana raguwa, yana haifar da raguwar haske na diode mai fitar da haske. A halin yanzu, saboda karuwar zafin jiki da ke haifar da asarar zafi, hasken diode mai fitar da haske ba zai ci gaba da karuwa daidai da na yanzu ba, wanda ke nuna wani abu na yanayin zafi. Bugu da kari, yayin da zafin mahaɗin yana ƙaruwa, tsayin tsayin tsayin hasken da ke fitarwa shima zai matsa zuwa tsayin raƙuman ruwa, kusan 0.2-0.3 nm/℃. Don farar LEDs da aka samu ta hanyar hada YAG fluorescent foda mai rufi tare da kwakwalwan haske mai shuɗi, ɗimbin tsayin shuɗi mai haske zai haifar da rashin daidaituwa tare da tsayin motsin foda mai kyalli, ta haka yana rage ingantaccen ingancin farin LEDs kuma yana haifar da canje-canje a cikin farin launi mai haske. zafin jiki.
Don diodes masu fitar da hasken wutar lantarki, ƙarfin tuƙi gabaɗaya ɗaruruwan milliamps ne ko sama da haka, kuma yawan mahadar PN na yanzu yana da girma sosai, don haka hauhawar zafin mahaɗin PN yana da matuƙar mahimmanci. Don marufi da aikace-aikace, yadda za a rage thermal juriya na samfurin domin zafi da aka haifar da PN junction za a iya bazuwa da wuri-wuri ba zai iya kawai inganta jikewa halin yanzu da luminous ingancin samfurin, amma kuma inganta AMINCI rayuwar samfurin. Don rage juriya na thermal na samfurin, zaɓin kayan tattarawa yana da mahimmanci musamman, ciki har da ƙwanƙolin zafi, adhesives, da dai sauransu. Ya kamata a rage yawan zafin jiki na kowane abu, wanda ke buƙatar kyakkyawan yanayin zafi. Abu na biyu, tsarin ƙirar ya kamata ya zama mai dacewa, tare da ci gaba da daidaitawa na haɓakar zafin jiki tsakanin kayan aiki da kuma kyakkyawar haɗin wutar lantarki tsakanin kayan don kauce wa ƙullun zafi a cikin tashoshi na thermal da kuma tabbatar da zubar da zafi daga ciki zuwa waje. A lokaci guda kuma, wajibi ne don tabbatar da cewa daga tsarin da aka yi amfani da zafi ya ɓace a cikin lokaci mai dacewa bisa ga tsarin da aka riga aka tsara ta tashoshin watsa shirye-shiryen zafi.

2. Zaɓin ciko m
Bisa ka'idar refraction, lokacin da haske ya faru daga matsakaita mai yawa zuwa matsakaiciyar matsakaici, cikakkiyar fitarwa yana faruwa ne lokacin da kusurwar abin da ya faru ya kai wani ƙima, wato, mafi girma ko daidai da kusurwa mai mahimmanci. Don guntun shuɗi na GaN, ma'aunin ma'aunin GaN shine 2.3. Lokacin da haske ya fito daga ciki na crystal zuwa iska, bisa ga ka'idar refraction, mahimmin kusurwa θ 0=sin-1 (n2/n1).
Daga cikin su, n2 daidai yake da 1, wanda shine ma'anar refractive na iska, kuma n1 shine ma'anar refractive na GaN. Sabili da haka, an ƙididdige mahimmancin kusurwa θ 0 don zama kusan digiri 25.8. A wannan yanayin, hasken da za'a iya fitarwa shine haske a cikin madaidaicin kusurwa na ≤ 25.8 digiri. Dangane da rahotanni, ingancin jimla na waje na guntuwar GaN a halin yanzu yana kusa da 30% -40%. Saboda haka, saboda ciki na ciki na guntu crystal, rabon hasken da za a iya fitarwa a waje da crystal kadan ne. Dangane da rahotanni, ingancin jimla na waje na guntuwar GaN a halin yanzu yana kusa da 30% -40%. Hakazalika, hasken da guntu ke fitarwa yana buƙatar wucewa ta cikin kayan tattarawa kuma a watsa shi zuwa sararin samaniya, kuma ana buƙatar la'akari da tasirin kayan akan ingancin girbin haske.
Don haka, don haɓaka ingancin girbin haske na marufi na samfuran LED, ya zama dole don haɓaka ƙimar n2, wato, don haɓaka ginshiƙi na marufi, don haɓaka madaidaicin kusurwar samfurin kuma ta haka ne. inganta marufi mai haske ingancin samfurin. A lokaci guda, kayan rufewa yakamata su sami ƙarancin ɗaukar haske. Don ƙara yawan hasken da aka fitar, yana da kyau a sami siffar baka ko hemispherical don marufi. Ta wannan hanyar, lokacin da haske ya fito daga kayan marufi zuwa cikin iska, ya kusan zama daidai da abin dubawa kuma baya jurewa gabaɗayan tunani.

3. Yin tunani
Akwai manyan fannoni guda biyu na maganin tunani: ɗayan shine jiyya na tunani a cikin guntu, ɗayan kuma shine hasken haske ta kayan marufi. Ta hanyar jiyya na ciki da na waje, yawan hasken da ke fitowa daga cikin guntu yana ƙaruwa, an rage sha a cikin guntu, kuma ana inganta ingantaccen ingancin samfuran LED. Dangane da marufi, LEDs nau'in wuta yawanci suna haɗa nau'ikan kwakwalwan kwamfuta a kan maƙallan ƙarfe ko ma'auni tare da raƙuman haske. Nau'in nau'in sashi mai nuna ra'ayi yawanci plated don inganta tasirin tunani, yayin da nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in raƙuman raƙuman ruwa yakan zama goge kuma yana iya sha magani na lantarki idan yanayi ya yarda. Koyaya, hanyoyin jiyya guda biyu da ke sama suna shafar daidaiton mold da tsari, kuma kogin da aka sarrafa yana da wani tasiri na tunani, amma bai dace ba. A halin yanzu, a cikin samar da substrate irin nuna cavities a kasar Sin, saboda kasa polishing daidaito ko hadawan abu da iskar shaka na karfe coatings, da tunani sakamako ne matalauta. Wannan yana haifar da haske mai yawa da ake sha bayan isa wurin tunani, wanda ba za a iya nunawa ga hasken da ke fitowa kamar yadda aka sa ran ba, wanda zai haifar da ƙarancin girbi mai haske bayan tattarawar ƙarshe.

4. Zabi da Shafi na Fluorescent Foda
Don farar wutar lantarki LED, haɓakar haɓakar haske kuma yana da alaƙa da zaɓin foda mai kyalli da kuma aiwatar da magani. Don inganta ingancin flyricescent foda na shuɗi kwakwalwan kwamfuta, zaɓi na foda ya dace, da sauransu, ya kamata a gudanar da cikakken kimantawa don la'akari da abubuwan da suka dace da ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo. Na biyu, rufin foda mai kyalli ya kamata ya zama iri ɗaya, zai fi dacewa tare da kauri iri ɗaya na mannen Layer akan kowane saman guntu mai fitar da haske, don guje wa kauri mara daidaituwa wanda zai iya haifar da hasken gida ya kasa fitar da shi, kuma yana inganta haɓakawa. ingancin wurin haske.

Bayani:
Kyakkyawar ƙira mai zafi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen inganta ingantaccen hasken wutar lantarki na samfuran LED, kuma shine abin da ake buƙata don tabbatar da tsawon rayuwar samfurin da aminci. Tashar fitarwar haske da aka tsara da kyau, tare da mai da hankali kan ƙirar tsari, zaɓin kayan aiki, da aiwatar da jiyya na cavities masu nuni, cike da mannewa, da sauransu, na iya inganta ingantaccen girbin hasken wutar lantarki na nau'in LEDs. Don nau'in wutar lantarki farin LED, zaɓin foda mai kyalli da ƙirar tsari kuma suna da mahimmanci don haɓaka girman tabo da ingantaccen haske.