Masana kimiyya na auna nawa ake buƙata don daidaita kwan fitilar LED? Ga masu bincike a Cibiyar Ƙididdiga da Fasaha ta Ƙasa (NIST) a Amurka, wannan adadin ya kai rabin abin da yake a makonnin da suka wuce. A watan Yuni, NIST ta fara samar da sauri, mafi daidaito, da sabis na daidaita aiki don kimanta hasken fitilun LED da sauran samfuran haske mai ƙarfi. Abokan ciniki na wannan sabis ɗin sun haɗa da masu kera hasken LED da sauran dakunan gwaje-gwaje na daidaitawa. Misali, fitilar da aka daidaita tana iya tabbatar da cewa kwan fitilar LED mai karfin watt 60 a cikin fitilar tebur da gaske daidai yake da watts 60, ko kuma tabbatar da cewa matukin jirgin da ke cikin jirgin yana da hasken titin jirgin da ya dace.

Masu kera LED suna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa hasken da suke kerawa suna da haske da gaske kamar yadda aka tsara su. Don cimma wannan, daidaita waɗannan fitilun tare da na'urar daukar hoto, wanda shine kayan aiki wanda zai iya auna haske a kowane tsayin raƙuman ruwa yayin la'akari da yanayin yanayin idon ɗan adam zuwa launuka daban-daban. Shekaru da dama, dakin gwaje-gwaje na photometric na NIST yana biyan bukatun masana'antu ta hanyar samar da hasken LED da sabis na daidaita hoto. Wannan sabis ɗin ya haɗa da auna hasken LED na abokin ciniki da sauran fitillu masu ƙarfi, da kuma daidaita na'urar daukar hoto na abokin ciniki. Har ya zuwa yanzu, dakin gwaje-gwaje na NIST yana auna hasken kwan fitila tare da ƙarancin rashin tabbas, tare da kuskure tsakanin 0.5% da 1.0%, wanda yayi kwatankwacin manyan ayyukan daidaitawa.
Yanzu, godiya ga sabunta dakin gwaje-gwaje, ƙungiyar NIST ta ninka waɗannan rashin tabbas sau uku zuwa 0.2% ko ƙasa. Wannan nasarar ta sa sabon haske na LED da sabis na calibration na hoto ya zama mafi kyau a duniya. Masana kimiyya kuma sun rage mahimmancin lokacin daidaitawa. A cikin tsofaffin tsarin, yin ƙima ga abokan ciniki zai ɗauki kusan kwana ɗaya. Masanin binciken NIST Cameron Miller ya bayyana cewa yawancin aikin ana amfani da su don saita kowane ma'auni, maye gurbin hanyoyin haske ko masu ganowa, da hannu duba tazarar da ke tsakanin su biyun, sannan a sake saita kayan aiki don auna na gaba.
Amma a yanzu, dakin gwaje-gwajen ya ƙunshi teburan kayan aiki masu sarrafa kansa guda biyu, ɗaya na tushen hasken, ɗayan kuma don ganowa. Tebur yana motsawa akan tsarin waƙa kuma yana sanya mai ganowa a ko'ina daga mita 0 zuwa 5 daga haske. Ana iya sarrafa tazarar tsakanin sassa 50 a kowace miliyan na mita ɗaya (micrometer), wanda shine kusan rabin faɗin gashin ɗan adam. Zong da Miller na iya tsara teburi don matsawa da juna ba tare da buƙatar ci gaba da sa hannun ɗan adam ba. A da yana ɗaukar rana ɗaya, amma yanzu ana iya kammala shi cikin sa'o'i kaɗan. Babu buƙatar sake maye gurbin kowane kayan aiki, duk abin yana nan kuma ana iya amfani dashi a kowane lokaci, yana ba masu bincike 'yancin yin abubuwa da yawa a lokaci guda saboda gaba ɗaya na atomatik.
Kuna iya komawa ofis don yin wasu ayyuka yayin da yake gudana. Masu binciken NIST sun yi hasashen cewa tushen abokin ciniki zai faɗaɗa yayin da dakin gwaje-gwaje ya ƙara ƙarin fasali da yawa. Misali, sabuwar na'urar na iya daidaita kyamarori masu tsauri, wadanda ke auna tsawon haske fiye da kyamarori na yau da kullun waɗanda ke ɗaukar launuka uku zuwa huɗu kawai. Daga hoton likitanci zuwa nazarin hotunan tauraron dan adam na Duniya, kyamarori masu kyan gani suna karuwa sosai. Bayanin da kyamarorin hangen nesa na sararin samaniya suka bayar game da yanayin duniya da ciyayi na baiwa masana kimiyya damar yin hasashen yunwa da ambaliyar ruwa, kuma suna iya taimakawa al'ummomi wajen tsara agajin gaggawa da bala'i. Sabon dakin gwaje-gwajen kuma zai iya sauwaka da inganci ga masu bincike wajen daidaita nunin wayoyin hannu, da kuma nunin talabijin da na kwamfuta.

Madaidaicin nisa
Don daidaita na'urar daukar hoto na abokin ciniki, Masana kimiyya a NIST suna amfani da hanyoyin haske na broadband don haskaka abubuwan ganowa, waɗanda ainihin farin haske ne tare da tsawon raƙuman ruwa (launuka), kuma haskensa a bayyane yake saboda ana yin ma'auni ta amfani da daidaitattun hotuna na NIST. Ba kamar lasers ba, wannan nau'in farin haske ba shi da daidaituwa, wanda ke nufin cewa duk haske na tsawon tsayi daban-daban ba a daidaita su da juna ba. A cikin yanayin da ya dace, don ingantacciyar ma'auni, masu bincike za su yi amfani da na'urori masu amfani da hasken wuta don samar da haske tare da tsayin daka mai iya sarrafawa, ta yadda tsayin tsayin haske ɗaya kawai ke haskakawa akan na'urar ganowa lokaci guda. Yin amfani da na'urori masu kunnawa suna ƙara ƙimar sigina-zuwa amo na ma'aunin.
Duk da haka, a da, ba za a iya amfani da na'urorin da za a iya amfani da su ba don daidaita na'urar daukar hoto saboda laser na tsawon tsayin igiya guda ɗaya ya tsoma baki tare da kansu ta hanyar da ta kara yawan amo zuwa sigina dangane da tsawon da aka yi amfani da shi. A matsayin wani ɓangare na haɓakar dakin gwaje-gwaje, Zong ya ƙirƙiri ƙirar ƙirar hoto na musamman wanda ke rage wannan amo zuwa matakin da ba shi da kyau. Wannan yana ba da damar yin amfani da na'urar laser mai kunnawa a karon farko don daidaita na'urar daukar hoto tare da ƙananan rashin tabbas. Ƙarin fa'idar sabon ƙirar shi ne cewa yana sa kayan aikin haske ya fi sauƙi don tsaftacewa, kamar yadda aka kariyar buɗe ido mai kyau a bayan taga gilashin da aka rufe. Ma'aunin ƙarfi yana buƙatar ingantaccen sanin yadda mai gano ya ke nesa da tushen haske.
Har yanzu, kamar sauran dakunan gwaje-gwaje na photometry, dakin gwaje-gwaje na NIST har yanzu bai sami ingantacciyar hanyar auna wannan nisa ba. Wannan wani bangare ne saboda buɗaɗɗen na'urar ganowa, wanda ta hanyar da ake tattara haske, yana da dabara da yawa don taɓawa ta hanyar aunawa. Magani na gama gari shine masu bincike su fara auna hasken hasken kuma su haskaka saman da wani yanki. Bayan haka, yi amfani da wannan bayanin don tantance waɗannan nisa ta amfani da ka'idar murabba'i mai juzu'i, wacce ke bayyana yadda ƙarfin tushen haske ke raguwa sosai tare da haɓaka nesa. Wannan ma'aunin mataki biyu ba shi da sauƙin aiwatarwa kuma yana gabatar da ƙarin rashin tabbas. Tare da sabon tsarin, ƙungiyar za ta iya yin watsi da hanyar karkatacciyar hanya kuma ta ƙayyade nisa kai tsaye.
Wannan hanya tana amfani da na'ura mai kama da na'urar daukar hoto, tare da na'ura mai kwakwalwa da ke zaune akan matakin tushen haske kuma yana mai da hankali kan alamomin matsayi a matakin ganowa. Na'urar microscope na biyu yana kan bench ɗin mai ganowa kuma yana mai da hankali kan alamomin matsayi akan benci na tushen haske. Ƙayyade nisa ta hanyar daidaita buɗaɗɗen na'urar ganowa da matsayi na tushen hasken zuwa mayar da hankali kan maƙasudin su. Microscopes suna da matukar damuwa don cirewa, kuma suna iya gane ko da 'yan micrometers nesa. Sabon ma'aunin tazarar ya kuma baiwa masu bincike damar auna "ainihin tsanani" na LEDs, wanda ke da lamba daban da ke nuni da cewa yawan hasken da LEDs ke fitarwa ba shi da nisa.
Baya ga wadannan sabbin fasahohin, masana kimiyya na NIST sun kuma kara wasu na'urori, kamar na'urar da ake kira goniometer da za ta iya jujjuya fitilun LED don auna yawan hasken da ke fitowa a kusurwoyi daban-daban. A cikin watanni masu zuwa, Miller da Zong suna fatan yin amfani da spectrophotometer don sabon sabis: auna fitowar ultraviolet (UV) na LEDs. Yiwuwar amfani da LED don samar da hasken ultraviolet sun haɗa da haskaka abinci don tsawaita rayuwar sa, da kuma lalata ruwa da kayan aikin likita. A al'adance, hasken wuta na kasuwanci yana amfani da hasken ultraviolet da fitulun tururin mercury ke fitarwa.