Menene guntu na LED? To mene ne halayensa? Babban manufar masana'antar guntu na LED shine kera ingantattun na'urorin sadarwar ohm masu inganci, da kuma saduwa da ƙaramin ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki tsakanin kayan da za'a iya tuntuɓar da samar da matsi na matsi don wayoyi masu siyarwa, yayin da ake haɓaka adadin fitowar haske. Tsarin fim ɗin giciye gabaɗaya yana amfani da hanyar ƙafe. A ƙarƙashin babban injin 4Pa, kayan yana narkewa ta hanyar dumama juriya ko hanyar dumama wutar lantarki, kuma BZX79C18 an canza shi zuwa tururin ƙarfe kuma an ajiye shi a saman kayan semiconductor a ƙarƙashin ƙaramin matsin lamba.
Ƙarfunan tuntuɓar nau'in P da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da gami irin su AuBe da AuZn, yayin da ƙarfen tuntuɓar da ke gefen N galibi ana yin shi da gwal ɗin AuGeNi. Alloy Layer kafa bayan shafi kuma yana bukatar a fallasa kamar yadda zai yiwu a cikin luminescent yankin ta hanyar photolithography tsari, sabõda haka, sauran gami Layer iya saduwa da bukatun na inganci da kuma abin dogara low ohm lamba electrodes da solder waya matsa lamba pads. Bayan kammala aikin photolithography, shi ma yana buƙatar ta hanyar tsarin haɗin gwiwa, wanda yawanci ana aiwatar da shi a ƙarƙashin kariya ta H2 ko N2. Lokaci da zafin jiki na alloying yawanci ana ƙaddara su ta hanyar dalilai kamar halaye na kayan semiconductor da nau'in tanderun gami. Hakika, idan blue-kore da sauran guntu electrode matakai sun fi rikitarwa, shi wajibi ne don ƙara passivation fim girma, plasma etching matakai, da dai sauransu.
A cikin tsarin masana'antu na kwakwalwan LED, waɗanne matakai ne ke da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan aikin su na optoelectronic?
Gabaɗaya magana, bayan kammala aikin samar da epitaxial na LED, an kammala babban aikinta na lantarki, kuma masana'antar guntu ba ta canza yanayin samar da ita ba. Duk da haka, yanayin da bai dace ba a lokacin sutura da tsarin haɗawa zai iya haifar da wasu sigogi na lantarki su zama marasa kyau. Misali, low ko high alloying yanayin zafi na iya haifar da matalauta Ohmic lamba, wanda shi ne babban dalilin high-gaba ƙarfin lantarki drop VF a guntu masana'antu. Bayan yanke, wasu hanyoyin lalata a gefuna na guntu na iya taimakawa wajen haɓaka juzu'in guntu. Wannan shi ne saboda bayan yankan tare da ruwan lu'u-lu'u na niƙa, za a sami ragowar tarkace da foda da yawa a gefen guntu. Idan waɗannan ɓangarorin sun manne da mahadar PN na guntuwar LED, za su haifar da ɗigon wutar lantarki har ma da lalacewa. Bugu da kari, idan photoresist a saman guntu ba kwasfa da tsabta, zai haifar da matsaloli a gaban soldering da kama-da-wane soldering. Idan a baya ne, zai kuma haifar da raguwar matsa lamba. A lokacin aikin samar da guntu, ana iya amfani da roughening surface da trapezoidal Tsarin don ƙara haske.
Me yasa ake buƙatar raba kwakwalwan LED zuwa girma dabam dabam? Menene tasirin girman akan aikin optoelectronic LED?
Ana iya raba kwakwalwan kwamfuta na LED zuwa guntu masu ƙarancin ƙarfi, guntun wutar lantarki, da kwakwalwan kwamfuta masu ƙarfi dangane da ƙarfi. Dangane da bukatun abokin ciniki, ana iya raba shi zuwa nau'ikan kamar matakin bututu guda ɗaya, matakin dijital, matakin ɗigo matrix, da hasken ado na ado. Dangane da takamaiman girman guntu, ya dogara da ainihin matakin samar da guntu daban-daban kuma babu takamaiman buƙatu. Muddin tsarin ya wuce, guntu na iya ƙara yawan fitarwa na naúrar kuma ya rage farashi, kuma aikin photoelectric ba zai fuskanci canje-canje na asali ba. A halin yanzu da guntu ke amfani da shi yana da alaƙa da yawa na yanzu da ke gudana ta guntu. Karamin guntu yana amfani da ƙarancin halin yanzu, yayin da babban guntu yana amfani da ƙarin na yanzu, kuma yawan adadin su na yanzu iri ɗaya ne. Idan aka yi la'akari da cewa zubar da zafi shine babban matsala a ƙarƙashin babban halin yanzu, ingancinsa mai haske ya kasance ƙasa da wanda ke ƙarƙashin ƙananan halin yanzu. A gefe guda kuma, yayin da yankin ya karu, juriya na jikin guntu zai ragu, yana haifar da raguwa a cikin wutar lantarki na gaba.

Menene babban yanki na kwakwalwan kwamfuta masu ƙarfi na LED? Me yasa?
Kwakwalwar wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi da ake amfani da ita don farin haske ana ganin gabaɗaya a kasuwa a kusan mil 40, kuma ƙarfin da ake amfani da shi don kwakwalwan kwamfuta masu ƙarfi gabaɗaya yana nufin wutar lantarki fiye da 1W. Saboda ƙimar ƙididdigewa gabaɗaya kasancewar ƙasa da 20%, yawancin makamashin lantarki yana canzawa zuwa makamashin thermal, don haka zubar da zafi yana da mahimmanci ga kwakwalwan kwamfuta masu ƙarfi, suna buƙatar samun babban yanki.
Menene buƙatu daban-daban don fasahar guntu da kayan sarrafawa don kera kayan aikin GaN epitaxial idan aka kwatanta da GaP, GaAs, da InGaAlP? Me yasa?
Abubuwan da ke cikin kwakwalwan kwakwalwan kwamfuta na LED ja da rawaya na yau da kullun da haske mai haske na kwata-kwata ja da kwakwalwan rawaya duka suna amfani da kayan haɗin gwiwa kamar GaP da GaAs, kuma ana iya sanya su gabaɗaya zuwa nau'in nau'in N. Yin amfani da tsarin rigar don hotunan hoto, kuma daga baya yanke cikin kwakwalwan kwamfuta ta amfani da igiyoyin niƙa na lu'u-lu'u. Guntu mai shuɗi-kore da aka yi da kayan GaN yana amfani da madaidaicin sapphire. Saboda yanayin insulating na sapphire substrate, ba za a iya amfani da shi azaman lantarki na LED ba. Saboda haka, duka P/N na lantarki dole ne a yi su a kan farfajiyar epitaxial ta bushe etching kuma dole ne a yi wasu hanyoyin wucewa. Saboda taurin sapphire, yana da wuya a yanke cikin kwakwalwan kwamfuta tare da igiyoyin niƙa na lu'u-lu'u. Tsarin masana'anta gabaɗaya ya fi na kayan GaP da GaAs donLED ambaliya fitilu.

Menene tsari da halaye na guntu "m electrode"?
Abin da ake kira transparent electrode ya kamata ya iya gudanar da wutar lantarki kuma ya iya watsa haske. Wannan abu a yanzu ana amfani da shi sosai wajen samar da kristal mai ruwa, kuma sunansa indium tin oxide, an rage shi da ITO, amma ba za a iya amfani da shi azaman kushin solder ba. Lokacin yin, ya zama dole a fara shirya na'urar lantarki ta ohmic akan saman guntu, sannan a rufe saman tare da Layer na ITO, sannan a ajiye wani Layer na pads a saman ITO. Ta wannan hanyar, halin yanzu da ke saukowa daga wayar gubar ana rarraba daidai gwargwado a ko'ina cikin Layer ITO zuwa kowane na'urar sadarwa ta ohmic. A lokaci guda kuma, saboda ma'anar refractive na ITO kasancewa tsakanin iska da ma'anar refractive na kayan epitaxial, ana iya ƙara kusurwar haske, kuma za'a iya ƙara hasken haske.

Menene babban ci gaban fasahar guntu don hasken semiconductor?
Tare da haɓaka fasahar LED na semiconductor, aikace-aikacensa a fagen hasken wutar lantarki kuma yana ƙaruwa, musamman fitowar farin LED, wanda ya zama batu mai zafi a cikin hasken semiconductor. Duk da haka, mahimman kwakwalwan kwamfuta da fasaha na marufi har yanzu suna buƙatar haɓakawa, kuma ci gaban kwakwalwan kwamfuta ya kamata ya mai da hankali kan babban ƙarfi, ingantaccen haske, da rage juriya na thermal. Ƙara ƙarfi yana nufin ƙara yawan amfanin guntu, kuma hanya mafi kai tsaye ita ce ƙara girman guntu. Manyan kwakwalwan kwamfuta da aka saba amfani da su suna kusa da 1mm x 1mm, tare da amfani na yanzu na 350mA. Saboda karuwar amfani a halin yanzu, zubar da zafi ya zama babbar matsala. Yanzu, da hanyar guntu inversion ya m warware wannan matsala. Tare da haɓaka fasahar LED, aikace-aikacen sa a cikin filin haske zai fuskanci dama da kalubale da ba a taɓa gani ba.
Menene jujjuyawar guntu? Menene tsarinsa kuma menene amfanin sa?
LEDs masu haske masu launin shuɗi yawanci suna amfani da kayan aikin Al2O3, waɗanda ke da tauri mai ƙarfi, ƙarancin ƙarancin zafi, da ƙarfin lantarki. Idan aka yi amfani da tsari na yau da kullun, a gefe guda, zai kawo matsalolin anti-static, sannan a daya bangaren kuma, zubar da zafi zai kuma zama babbar matsala a karkashin yanayin da ake ciki yanzu. A lokaci guda, saboda tabbataccen lantarki da ke fuskantar sama, zai toshe wasu haske kuma ya rage ingancin haske. LEDs masu haske mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi na iya samun ingantaccen fitowar haske ta hanyar fasahar juye guntu fiye da dabarun marufi na gargajiya.
Tsarin tsarin jujjuyawar yau da kullun shine don fara shirya manyan kwakwalwan LED masu girman shuɗi mai haske tare da ingantattun na'urorin walda na eutectic, kuma a lokaci guda, shirya madaidaicin siliki wanda ya fi girma fiye da guntu mai haske shuɗi, kuma a samansa, yi zinariya conductive Layer for eutectic waldi da gubar fita Layer (ultrasonic zinariya waya ball solder hadin gwiwa). Sa'an nan, high-power blue LED kwakwalwan kwamfuta ana sayar da su tare da silicon substrates ta amfani da eutectic walda kayan aiki.
Siffar wannan tsarin ita ce, Layer epitaxial kai tsaye yana tuntuɓar siliki na siliki, kuma juriya na thermal na siliki ya fi ƙasa da na sapphire substrate, don haka an warware matsalar rashin zafi. Saboda gaskiyar cewa sapphire substrate yana fuskantar sama bayan jujjuyawar, ya zama farfajiya mai fitarwa, sapphire a bayyane yake, don haka yana magance matsalar fitar da haske. Abin da ke sama shine ilimin da ya dace na fasahar LED. Na yi imani da cewa tare da ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha,LED fitiluza su kara inganta a nan gaba, kuma rayuwar hidimarsu za ta inganta sosai, za ta kawo mana sauki sosai.