Menene guntu na LED? To mene ne halayensa? Masana'antar kwakwalwan kwamfuta na LED galibi ana nufin samar da ingantattun ingantattun na'urorin tuntuɓar ohmic masu ƙarfi, waɗanda zasu iya saduwa da ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki tsakanin kayan tuntuɓar da samar da fakitin solder, yayin fitar da haske gwargwadon iko. Tsarin canja wurin fim gabaɗaya yana amfani da hanyar ƙafe. A karkashin 4Pa high vacuum, kayan yana narkewa ta hanyar dumama juriya ko hanyar dumama wutar lantarki, kuma BZX79C18 an canza shi zuwa tururin ƙarfe kuma an ajiye shi a saman kayan semiconductor a ƙarƙashin ƙaramin matsin lamba.
Ƙarfunan tuntuɓar nau'in P-nau'in da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da gami kamar AuBe da AuZn, yayin da ƙarfen lamba N-gefen galibi ana yin shi da gwal ɗin AuGeNi. Har ila yau, alloy Layer da aka kafa bayan rufewa yana buƙatar fallasa yankin da ke fitar da haske gwargwadon yiwuwa ta hanyar fasahar photolithography, ta yadda ragowar alloy Layer zai iya cika buƙatun ingantaccen kuma amintaccen ƙananan lambobin sadarwa na ohmic da pads na waya. Bayan kammala aikin photolithography, ana kuma aiwatar da tsari na alloying, yawanci a ƙarƙashin kariyar H2 ko N2. Lokaci da zafin jiki na alloying yawanci ana ƙaddara su ta hanyar dalilai kamar halaye na kayan semiconductor da nau'in tanderun gami. Tabbas, idan tsarin lantarki don kwakwalwan shuɗi-kore ya fi rikitarwa, haɓaka fim ɗin wucewa da matakan etching na plasma yana buƙatar ƙarawa.

A cikin tsarin masana'antu na kwakwalwan LED, waɗanne matakai ne ke da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan aikin su na optoelectronic?
Gabaɗaya magana, bayan kammala aikin samar da epitaxial na LED, an kammala manyan kaddarorin wutar lantarki, kuma masana'antar guntu ba ta canza ainihin yanayinta ba. Duk da haka, yanayin da bai dace ba a lokacin sutura da tafiyar matakai na iya haifar da wasu ƙananan sigogi na lantarki. Misali, low ko high alloying yanayin zafi na iya haifar da matalauta ohmic lamba, wanda shi ne babban dalilin da high ƙarfin lantarki drop VF a guntu masana'antu. Bayan yanke, yin wasu matakai na lalata a gefuna na guntu na iya taimakawa wajen haɓaka juzu'in guntu. Wannan shi ne saboda bayan yankan tare da wuƙar niƙa na lu'u-lu'u, za a sami adadi mai yawa na foda da ya rage a gefen guntu. Idan waɗannan ɓangarorin sun manne da mahadar PN na guntuwar LED, za su haifar da ɗigon wutar lantarki har ma da lalacewa. Bugu da kari, idan photoresist a saman guntu ba kwasfa da tsabta, zai haifar da matsaloli da kama-da-wane soldering na gaban solder Lines. Idan a baya ne, zai kuma haifar da raguwar matsa lamba. A lokacin aikin samar da guntu, hanyoyi irin su roughening surface da yanke cikin inverted trapezoidal Tsarin iya ƙara haske tsanani.

Me yasa aka raba kwakwalwan LED zuwa girma dabam dabam? Menene tasirin girman akan aikin photoelectric na LED?
Girman guntuwar LED za a iya raba su zuwa guntu masu ƙarancin ƙarfi, guntu mai matsakaici, da guntu mai ƙarfi gwargwadon ƙarfinsu. Dangane da bukatun abokin ciniki, ana iya raba shi zuwa nau'ikan kamar matakin bututu guda ɗaya, matakin dijital, matakin ɗigo matrix, da hasken ado na ado. Dangane da takamaiman girman guntu, ya dogara da ainihin matakin samar da guntu daban-daban kuma babu takamaiman buƙatu. Muddin tsarin ya kai daidai, ƙananan kwakwalwan kwamfuta na iya ƙara yawan fitarwa na naúrar da rage farashi, kuma aikin optoelectronic ba zai sami canje-canje na asali ba. A halin yanzu da guntu ke amfani da shi yana da alaƙa da yawa na yanzu da ke gudana ta cikinsa. Karamin guntu yana amfani da ƙarancin halin yanzu, yayin da babban guntu yana amfani da ƙarin na yanzu. Yawan adadin su na yanzu iri ɗaya ne. Idan akai la'akari da cewa zubar da zafi shine babban batu a ƙarƙashin babban halin yanzu, ingancinsa mai haske yana ƙasa da wanda ke ƙarƙashin ƙananan halin yanzu. A gefe guda kuma, yayin da yankin ya karu, juriya na jikin guntu zai ragu, yana haifar da raguwa a cikin wutar lantarki na gaba.

Menene yanki na musamman na kwakwalwan kwamfuta masu ƙarfi na LED? Me yasa?
Gilashin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi na LED da ake amfani da su don farin haske ana samun su gabaɗaya a kasuwa a kusan mil 40, kuma yawan wutar lantarki na kwakwalwan kwamfuta gabaɗaya yana nufin ikon lantarki sama da 1W. Saboda gaskiyar cewa yawan ƙarfin aiki gabaɗaya bai wuce 20% ba, yawancin makamashin lantarki yana canzawa zuwa makamashin zafi, don haka ɓarkewar zafi na chips masu ƙarfi yana da matukar mahimmanci kuma yana buƙatar chips don samun babban yanki.

Menene buƙatu daban-daban don tsarin guntu da kayan sarrafawa don kera kayan epitaxial na GaN idan aka kwatanta da GaP, GaAs, da InGaAlP? Me yasa?
The substrates na talakawa LED ja da rawaya kwakwalwan kwamfuta da high haske quaternary ja da rawaya kwakwalwan kwamfuta an yi su daga fili semiconductor kayan kamar GaP da GaAs, kuma za a iya kullum a sanya su cikin N-type substrates. Ana amfani da tsarin rigar don photolithography, sannan ana amfani da igiyoyin niƙa na lu'u-lu'u don yanke cikin kwakwalwan kwamfuta. Guntu mai shuɗi-kore da aka yi da kayan GaN yana amfani da madaidaicin sapphire. Saboda yanayin insulating na sapphire substrate, ba za a iya amfani da shi azaman lantarki ɗaya na LED ba. Sabili da haka, duka P/N na lantarki dole ne a ƙirƙira su lokaci guda akan saman epitaxial ta hanyar bushewar etching, kuma dole ne a aiwatar da wasu hanyoyin wucewa. Saboda taurin sapphire, yana da wuya a yanke shi cikin kwakwalwan kwamfuta tare da igiya mai niƙa da lu'u-lu'u. Tsarin masana'anta gabaɗaya ya fi rikitarwa da rikitarwa fiye da LEDs waɗanda aka yi da kayan GaP ko GaAs.

Menene tsari da halaye na guntu "m lantarki"?
Abin da ake kira transparent electrode yana buƙatar zama mai gudanarwa da gaskiya. Wannan abu a yanzu ana amfani da shi sosai wajen samar da kristal mai ruwa, kuma sunansa indium tin oxide, an rage shi da ITO, amma ba za a iya amfani da shi azaman kushin solder ba. Lokacin yin, da farko a yi na'urar lantarki ta ohmic akan saman guntu, sannan a rufe saman tare da Layer na ITO da farantin murfin solder a saman ITO. Ta wannan hanyar, halin yanzu da ke saukowa daga gubar yana rarraba daidai gwargwado ga kowane lambar sadarwa ta ohmic ta Layer ITO. A lokaci guda, ITO, saboda maƙasudin sa na refractive kasancewa tsakanin na iska da kayan epitaxial, na iya ƙara kusurwar fitarwa da haske mai haske.

Menene babban ci gaban fasahar guntu don hasken semiconductor?
Tare da haɓaka fasahar LED na semiconductor, aikace-aikacensa a fagen hasken wutar lantarki kuma yana ƙaruwa, musamman fitowar farin LED, wanda ya zama batu mai zafi a cikin hasken semiconductor. Duk da haka, maɓallin guntu da fasahar marufi har yanzu yana buƙatar haɓakawa, kuma dangane da kwakwalwan kwamfuta, muna buƙatar haɓaka zuwa babban ƙarfi, ingantaccen haske, da rage juriya na thermal. Ƙarfafa ƙarfi yana nufin haɓaka halin yanzu da guntu ke amfani da shi, kuma hanya mafi kai tsaye ita ce ƙara girman guntu. Manyan kwakwalwan kwamfuta da aka saba amfani da su suna kusa da 1mm × 1mm, tare da halin yanzu na 350mA. Saboda karuwar amfani a halin yanzu, zubar da zafi ya zama babbar matsala, kuma yanzu an magance wannan matsala ta hanyar hanyar jujjuyawar guntu. Tare da haɓaka fasahar LED, aikace-aikacen sa a fagen hasken wuta zai fuskanci dama da ƙalubale da ba a taɓa gani ba.

Menene "zuba guntu"? Menene tsarinsa? Menene amfanin sa?
Blue LED yawanci yana amfani da substrate Al2O3, wanda ke da babban taurin, ƙarancin thermal da lantarki. Idan an yi amfani da tsari mai kyau, zai kawo matsalolin anti-static a gefe guda, kuma a gefe guda, zubar da zafi zai kuma zama babban batu a ƙarƙashin yanayin halin yanzu. A halin yanzu, saboda tabbataccen lantarki yana fuskantar sama, za a toshe wani yanki na hasken, wanda zai haifar da raguwar ingancin haske. Babban iko blue LED zai iya samun ingantacciyar fitowar haske ta hanyar fasahar juyar da guntu fiye da fasahar marufi na gargajiya.
Hanyar inverted tsarin al'ada yanzu shine fara shirya manyan kwakwalwan LED masu girman shuɗi tare da ingantattun eutectic soldering electrodes, kuma a lokaci guda shirya ƙaramin siliki mafi girma fiye da guntu mai shuɗi na LED, sannan a yi Layer conductive zinariya da fitar da waya. Layer (ultrasonic zinariya waya ball solder hadin gwiwa) don eutectic soldering a kai. Bayan haka, ana siyar da guntu mai ƙarfin shuɗi mai ƙarfi zuwa ga siliki ta amfani da kayan siyar da eutectic.
Siffar wannan tsarin ita ce, Layer epitaxial kai tsaye yana tuntuɓar siliki na siliki, kuma juriya na thermal na siliki ya fi ƙasa da na sapphire substrate, don haka an warware matsalar rashin zafi. Saboda jujjuyawar sapphire substrate yana fuskantar sama, ya zama haske mai fitar da haske, kuma sapphire a bayyane yake, ta haka yana magance matsalar fitar haske. Abin da ke sama shine ilimin da ya dace na fasahar LED. Mun yi imanin cewa tare da ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha, fitilun LED na gaba za su ƙara ingantawa kuma rayuwar sabis ɗin su za ta inganta sosai, yana kawo mana sauƙi.