Na farko GaP da GaAsP homojunction ja, rawaya, da kore ƙarancin ingantaccen haske LEDs a cikin 1970s an yi amfani da su zuwa fitilun nuni, dijital da nunin rubutu. Daga nan ne LED ya fara shiga fagage daban-daban na aikace-aikacen da suka hada da sararin samaniya, jiragen sama, motoci, aikace-aikacen masana'antu, sadarwa, kayayyakin masarufi, da sauransu, wanda ya shafi bangarori daban-daban na tattalin arzikin kasa da dubban gidaje. By 1996, LED tallace-tallace a duk duniya ya kai biliyoyin daloli. Kodayake LEDs an iyakance su ta launi da ingantaccen haske na shekaru masu yawa, GaP da GaAsLEDs sun sami fifiko ga masu amfani saboda tsawon rayuwarsu, babban abin dogaro, ƙarancin aiki na yanzu, dacewa tare da da'irori na dijital na TTL da CMOS, da sauran fa'idodi masu yawa.
A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, babban haske da cikakken launi sun kasance batutuwa masu mahimmanci a cikin binciken kayan LED da fasahar na'ura. Ultra high haske (UHB) yana nufin LED tare da hasken haske na 100mcd ko fiye, wanda kuma aka sani da Candela (cd) matakin LED. Ci gaban ci gaban babban haske A1GaInP da InGaNFED yana da sauri sosai, kuma yanzu ya kai matakin aiki wanda kayan yau da kullun GaA1As, GaAsP, da GaP ba za su iya cimma ba. A cikin 1991, Toshiba na Japan da HP na Amurka sun haɓaka LED InGaA1P620nm orange ultra high haske LED, kuma a cikin 1992, InGaA1P590nm rawaya ultra-high haske LED aka sanya a cikin m amfani. A cikin wannan shekarar, Toshiba ya haɓaka InGaA1P573nm rawaya koren haske mai haske mai haske tare da hasken al'ada na 2cd. A cikin 1994, Kamfanin Nichia na Japan ya haɓaka InGaN450nm blue (kore) LED mai haske mai haske. A wannan gaba, launuka na farko guda uku da ake buƙata don nunin launi, ja, kore, shuɗi, da kuma ledojin orange da rawaya, duk sun isa matakin haske na Candela, suna samun babban haske mai haske da cikakken launi, suna yin cikakken waje. nuni launi na bututu masu fitar da haske gaskiya ne. Ci gaban LED a kasarmu ya fara ne a cikin 1970s, kuma masana'antar ta fito a cikin 1980s. Akwai kamfanoni sama da 100 a duk faɗin ƙasar, tare da 95% na masana'antun da ke aikin samarwa bayan fakiti, kuma kusan dukkanin kwakwalwan kwamfuta da ake buƙata ana shigo da su daga ƙasashen waje. Ta hanyar "tsare-tsare na shekaru biyar" da yawa don sauye-sauyen fasaha, ci gaban fasaha, bullo da sabbin na'urori na kasashen waje da wasu muhimman fasahohi, fasahar samar da ledojin na kasar Sin ta dauki wani mataki na ci gaba.

1. Performance na ultra-high haske LED:
Idan aka kwatanta da GaAsP GaPLD, ultra-high haske ja A1GaAsLED yana da mafi girman inganci, kuma ingantaccen ingancin ƙarancin ƙarancin haske (TS) A1GaAsLED (640nm) yana kusa da 10lm/w, wanda shine sau 10 mafi girma fiye da na ja GaAsP GaPLD. InGaAlPLD mai tsananin haske yana ba da launuka iri ɗaya kamar GaAsP GaPLD, gami da: kore rawaya (560nm), rawaya mai haske (570nm), rawaya (585nm), rawaya mai haske (590nm), orange (605nm), da haske ja (625nm). , zurfin ja (640nm)). Kwatanta ingancin haske na m substrate A1GaInPLD tare da sauran LED Tsarin da incandescent haske kafofin, da haske yadda ya dace InGaAlPLD sha substrate (AS) ne 101m / w, da kuma luminous ingancin m substrate (TS) ne 201m / w, wanda shi ne 101. -20 sau sama da na GaAsP GaPLD a cikin tsayin daka na 590-626nm; A cikin kewayon zangon 560-570, shine sau 2-4 sama da GaAsP GaPLD. InGaNFED mai tsananin haske yana ba da haske mai shuɗi da kore, tare da kewayon tsayin 450-480nm don shuɗi, 500nm don shuɗi-kore, da 520nm don kore; Its aiki mai haske shine 3-151m/w. Hasken haske na yanzu na LEDs masu haske mai haske ya zarce na fitilun fitilu tare da masu tacewa, kuma suna iya maye gurbin fitilun fitilu da ƙarfin ƙasa da watt 1. Haka kuma, LED tsararru iya maye gurbin incandescent fitilu da ikon kasa da 150 watts. Don aikace-aikace da yawa, fitilu masu haske suna amfani da filtata don samun ja, orange, kore, da launuka shuɗi, yayin amfani da manyan LEDs masu haske na iya cimma launi ɗaya. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ultra-high haske LEDs da aka yi da kayan AlGaInP da InGaN sun haɗu da yawa (ja, blue, kore) kwakwalwan kwamfuta mai haske mai haske tare, suna ba da damar launuka daban-daban ba tare da buƙatar tacewa ba. Ciki har da ja, lemu, rawaya, kore, da shuɗi, ingantaccen ingancinsu ya zarce na fitilun fitulu kuma yana kusa da na fitilun fitulun gaba. Hasken haske ya wuce 1000mcd, wanda zai iya biyan buƙatun yanayin waje da cikakken nunin launi. Babban launi na LED yana iya wakiltar sararin samaniya da teku, kuma ya cimma motsin 3D. Sabuwar ƙarni na ja, kore, da shuɗi masu haske LEDs sun sami nasarar da ba a taɓa gani ba

2. Aikace-aikace na ultra-high haske LED:
Alamar siginar mota: Fitilolin motar da ke wajen motar galibi fitulun jagora ne, fitilun wutsiya, da fitilun birki; A ciki na mota yafi hidima a matsayin lighting da nuni ga daban-daban kida. Ultra high haske LED yana da fa'idodi da yawa idan aka kwatanta da fitilun incandescent na gargajiya don fitilun mota, kuma yana da kasuwa mai faɗi a cikin masana'antar kera. LEDs na iya jure wa ƙaƙƙarfan girgiza inji da girgiza. Matsakaicin rayuwar aiki MTBF na fitilun birki na LED umarni ne da yawa na girma sama da na fitilun fitilu, wanda ya zarce rayuwar aikin motar kanta. Saboda haka, LED birki fitilu za a iya kunshe a matsayin gaba daya ba tare da la'akari da kiyayewa. M Substrate Al GaAs da AlInGaPLD suna da ingantaccen ingantaccen haske idan aka kwatanta da fitilun fitilu tare da masu tacewa, kyale fitilun birki na LED da sigina don aiki a ƙananan igiyoyin tuki, yawanci kawai 1/4 na kwararan fitila, don haka rage nisan da motoci za su iya tafiya. Ƙarƙashin wutar lantarki na iya rage girma da nauyin tsarin wayar ciki na mota, yayin da kuma rage yawan zafin jiki na ciki na haɗakar da fitilun siginar LED, ba da damar yin amfani da robobi tare da ƙananan zafin jiki don ruwan tabarau da gidaje. Lokacin amsawa na fitilun birki na LED shine 100ns, wanda ya fi guntu na fitilun incandescent, yana barin ƙarin lokacin amsawa ga direbobi da haɓaka amincin tuki. An bayyana haske da launi na fitilun nuni na waje na mota a fili. Kodayake nunin hasken ciki na motoci ba a sarrafa shi ta hanyar sassan gwamnati masu dacewa kamar fitilun siginar waje, masu kera motoci suna da buƙatu don launi da hasken LEDs. An daɗe ana amfani da GaPLD a cikin motoci, kuma ultra-high haske AlGaInP da InGaNFED za su maye gurbin ƙarin kwararan fitila a cikin motoci saboda ikon su na biyan bukatun masana'anta dangane da launi da haske. Daga yanayin farashin, kodayake fitilun LED har yanzu suna da tsada sosai idan aka kwatanta da fitilun fitilu, babu wani gagarumin bambanci a farashin tsakanin tsarin biyu gaba ɗaya. Tare da ingantaccen haɓaka mai haske na TSAlGaAs da AlGaInP LEDs, farashin yana ci gaba da raguwa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kuma girman raguwar zai kasance mafi girma a nan gaba.

Alamar siginar zirga-zirga: Yin amfani da manyan LEDs masu haske maimakon fitilun wuta don fitilun siginar zirga-zirga, fitilun faɗakarwa, da fitilun alamu yanzu sun bazu ko'ina cikin duniya, tare da faffadan kasuwa da buƙatu da sauri. Bisa kididdigar da Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta Amurka ta fitar a shekarar 1994, akwai mashigin guda 260000 a cikin Amurka inda aka sanya siginonin zirga-zirga, kuma kowane mahadar dole ne ya kasance yana da siginar zirga-zirga a kalla 12 ja, rawaya, da shudi-kore. Matsaloli da yawa kuma suna da ƙarin alamun canji da fitilun faɗakarwa masu tafiya don tsallaka hanya. Ta wannan hanyar, ana iya samun fitilun zirga-zirga guda 20 a kowace mahadar, kuma dole ne su haskaka lokaci guda. Ana iya hasashen cewa akwai kusan fitilun zirga-zirga miliyan 135 a Amurka. A halin yanzu, amfani da manyan LEDs masu haske don maye gurbin fitilun fitilu na gargajiya ya sami sakamako mai mahimmanci wajen rage asarar wutar lantarki. Japan na cinye kusan kilowatts miliyan 1 na wutar lantarki a kowace shekara akan fitilun zirga-zirga, kuma bayan maye gurbin kwararan fitila mai haske mai haske, yawan wutar da take amfani da shi shine kawai 12% na asali.
Hukumomin da suka cancanta na kowace ƙasa dole ne su kafa ƙa'idodi masu dacewa don fitilun siginar zirga-zirga, ƙayyadaddun launi na siginar, ƙaramin ƙarfin haske, tsarin rarraba sararin samaniya, da buƙatun yanayin shigarwa. Kodayake waɗannan buƙatun sun dogara ne akan kwararan fitila, gabaɗaya ana amfani da su ga fitilun siginar zirga-zirgar LED da ake amfani da su a halin yanzu. Idan aka kwatanta da fitilun wuta, fitilun zirga-zirgar LED suna da tsawon rayuwar aiki, gabaɗaya har zuwa shekaru 10. Idan akai la'akari da tasirin yanayin waje mai tsauri, yakamata a rage tsawon rayuwar da ake tsammani zuwa shekaru 5-6. A halin yanzu, babban haske AlGaInP ja, orange, da rawaya LEDs an haɓaka masana'antu kuma ba su da tsada. Idan ana amfani da na'urorin da suka ƙunshi manyan LED masu haske don maye gurbin shugabannin siginar zirga-zirga na gargajiya na ja, za'a iya rage girman tasirin aminci sakamakon gazawar fitilun fitilu kwatsam. Tsarin siginar zirga-zirga na LED na yau da kullun ya ƙunshi nau'ikan fitilun LED da aka haɗa. Ɗaukar ƙirar siginar zirga-zirgar zirga-zirgar LED mai inci 12 a matsayin misali, a cikin fitilolin LED masu alaƙa 3-9, adadin fitilun LED da aka haɗa a cikin kowane saiti shine 70-75 (jimlar fitilun LED 210-675). Lokacin da hasken LED ɗaya ya kasa, zai shafi saitin sigina guda ɗaya kawai, sauran saitin za a rage su zuwa 2/3 (67%) ko 8/9 (89%) na ainihin, ba tare da haifar da babban kan siginar gabaɗaya ba. kamar fitulun wuta.
Babban matsala tare da samfuran siginar zirga-zirgar LED shine cewa farashin masana'anta har yanzu yana da inganci. Ɗaukar 12 inch TS AlGaAs jajayen siginar siginar zirga-zirgar ababen hawa a matsayin misali, an fara amfani da shi a cikin 1994 akan farashin $350. By 1996, 12 inch AlGaInP LED siginar siginar siginar siginar tare da mafi kyawun aiki yana da farashin $200.

Ana sa ran nan gaba kadan, farashin InGaN blue-kore LED siginar siginar siginar zai kasance daidai da AlGaInP. Ko da yake farashin shugabannin siginar zirga-zirgar ababen hawa ba su da yawa, amma suna cinye wutar lantarki da yawa. Yin amfani da wutar lantarki mai girman inci 12 incandescent incandescent siginar siginar ita ce 150W, kuma yawan wutar lantarkin da hasken faɗakarwa ke tsallaka hanya da gefen titi shine 67W. Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, yawan wutar lantarki na shekara-shekara na fitilun siginar wuta a kowane yanki shine 18133KWh, daidai da lissafin wutar lantarki na shekara-shekara na $ 1450; Koyaya, samfuran siginar siginar zirga-zirgar LED suna da ƙarfi sosai, tare da kowane 8-12 inch jajayen siginar siginar zirga-zirgar LED yana cinye 15W da 20W na wutar lantarki bi da bi. Ana iya nuna alamun LED a tsaka-tsaki tare da maɓallin kibiya, tare da amfani da wutar lantarki na 9W kawai. Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, kowace mahadar za ta iya ajiye 9916KWh na wutar lantarki a kowace shekara, kwatankwacin dala $793 na kudin wutar lantarki a kowace shekara. Dangane da matsakaicin farashin dala 200 ga kowane siginar siginar zirga-zirgar LED, ƙirar siginar siginar zirga-zirgar ja na LED zai iya dawo da farashinsa na farko bayan shekaru 3 ta amfani da wutar lantarki kawai da aka ajiye, kuma ya fara samun ci gaba da dawo da tattalin arziki. Sabili da haka, a halin yanzu ana amfani da samfuran bayanan zirga-zirgar AlGaInLED, kodayake farashin na iya zama mai girma, har yanzu yana da inganci a cikin dogon lokaci.